Signs That Snow Has Damaged Your Commercial Roof

Roofs have to battle all the weather that nature throws at them, being able to withstand all these elements is crucial for the integrity of the building. One of the toughest things it has to withstand is snow and increased weight it causes on the structure of the roof.

Snow load is a critical factor affecting the structural integrity of roofs in regions prone to heavy snowfall. Understanding snow load and its impact on different roofing materials is essential for preventing damage and ensuring the safety of buildings. 

Understanding Snow Load and Its Impact

Explanation of Snow Load

Snow load refers to the downward force exerted by the accumulation of snow and ice on a roof. The load can vary significantly based on:

• The density of the snow
• The amount of snowfall
• Environmental conditions.

Different roofing materials respond differently to snow load. For example, flat roofs are more susceptible to snow load issues compared to pitched roofs, as snow tends to accumulate more on flat surfaces.

As snow accumulates, it can become compacted, increasing its density and the overall load on the roof.

Wet, heavy snow exerts more pressure than light, fluffy snow, and prolonged accumulation without adequate melting periods can exacerbate the problem. Structural elements, such as beams and trusses, must support this weight to prevent damage.

Factors Contributing to Snow Load Risks

Several factors influence the risks associated with snow load. Snow density, for example, varies from light, fluffy snow to heavy, wet snow, with the latter exerting much more pressure on the roof. Additionally, the design of the roof, including its slope, structural integrity, and drainage capabilities, plays a crucial role in how well it can withstand snow load.

Older buildings with roofs not designed to current building codes may be particularly at risk.

Roof design is critical; a steep slope may allow snow to slide off, reducing load, while flat roofs (as most commercial buildings have) can accumulate large amounts of snow and ice. Buildings in areas with high snowfall rates must have roofs designed to handle the expected snow load. Poor insulation can also lead to ice dams, which increase the risk of leaks and structural damage.

Visible Signs of Snow Damage

Sagging

One of the most apparent warning signs of snow damage is sagging. This occurs when parts of the roof appear to bow or sag under the weight of accumulated snow. Sagging indicates that the structural integrity of the roof is compromised and that it is under significant stress, which can lead to more severe damage if not addressed promptly.

This sagging can be visible both inside and outside the building. Inside, you may notice ceilings that seem lower than usual or beams that appear to bend. Outside, rooflines that are not straight can signal a problem. Addressing sagging immediately can prevent further structural damage and potential roof collapse.

Leaks and Water Damage

Another visible sign of roof damage is leaks or water damage inside the building. This can manifest as water stains on ceilings or walls, dripping water, or mold growth. These issues often result from ice dams or prolonged snow accumulation that prevents proper drainage, leading to water penetration through the roofing materials.

Ice dams form when snow on the roof melts and then refreezes at the edges, preventing proper drainage and causing water to back up under the roofing material. This water can seep into the building, causing stains, peeling paint, and damp insulation, which can lead to mold growth and further structural issues.

Cracks and Structural Damage

Visible damage such as cracks or splits in the roofing material or the structure itself are clear indicators of roof damage. These cracks can occur in the roofing materials, and can also be seen in the underlying structure. Such damage compromises the roof’s ability to protect the building from the elements and requires immediate repair.

Cracks in the roof can allow water to penetrate the building, leading to leaks and water damage. They can also indicate that the roof structure is under severe stress, which can lead to more significant issues if not repaired promptly. Regular roof inspections can help identify these cracks before they become severe.

Less Obvious Signs of Damage

Interior Signs

Snow damage is not always immediately visible on the exterior. Interior signs such as cracks on walls or ceilings, doors that stick, or doors that won’t close properly can indicate that the building’s structure is shifting due to the weight of the snow. These subtle indicators suggest that the roof and the building’s framework are under stress.

These signs can be especially telling if they appear suddenly or worsen during heavy snowfall periods. For example, cracks in drywall, gaps around window frames, or floors that are no longer level can all indicate that the building is experiencing structural movement due to heavy snow accumulation.

Unusual Noises

Unusual noises coming from the roof, such as creaking, popping, or cracking, are also signs of potential snow damage. These sounds occur when the roof structure is under strain, and they can precede more visible signs of damage. If such noises are heard, it is essential to inspect the roof promptly.

These noises can indicate that the roofing materials or structural components are shifting or breaking under pressure. While some noise is normal as temperatures fluctuate, persistent or loud noises during heavy snow periods should be investigated to prevent severe damage.

Preventive Measures and Maintenance Tips

Regular Inspections

Regular inspections are vital for maintaining the integrity of a commercial roof, especially in regions prone to heavy snowfall. Scheduled inspections should be conducted to identify and address potential issues before they become significant problems. Additionally, post-storm inspections are crucial to assess any damage caused by recent snowfalls and to ensure that the roof remains safe and functional.

Inspections should include checking for signs of wear and tear, structural integrity, proper drainage, and the condition of insulation. Professional roofing contractors can provide detailed inspections and recommend repairs or maintenance to keep the roof in good condition.

Snow Removal Techniques

Effective snow removal techniques are essential to prevent snow load damage. It is important to remove snow safely without causing additional harm to the roofing materials. Best practices include using non-metallic tools to avoid scratching or puncturing the roof and evenly distributing the snow load during removal to prevent sudden shifts in weight. In some cases, professional snow removal services may be necessary to ensure the job is done correctly and safely.

Proper snow removal involves clearing snow evenly to avoid unbalanced loads, which can stress the roof. It’s also crucial to avoid piling snow in one area, as this can create concentrated loads that increase the risk of damage. Hiring professionals can ensure that snow is removed efficiently and safely, protecting both the roof and the individuals performing the removal.

Understanding the impact of snow load and recognizing the signs of damage can help in taking timely action to protect commercial roofs from severe snow-related damage. Regular maintenance and appropriate snow removal techniques are key components of a proactive approach to roof care during the winter months.

Conclusion

Recognizing and understanding the impact of snow load is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity and safety of commercial roofs in snowy regions. Various factors, including snow density, roof design, and environmental conditions, contribute to the risks associated with snow load. Visible signs like sagging, leaks, and cracks, as well as less obvious indicators such as interior structural shifts and unusual noises, can signal potential damage. Regular inspections, proper snow removal techniques, and proactive maintenance are essential preventive measures to protect roofs from severe snow-related damage. By addressing these issues promptly, building owners can ensure the longevity and safety of their structures during the winter months.